Melting icebergs causing sea level rise

Scientists have discovered that ice floating in the polar oceans is melting, causing sea levels to rise. The research is the first assessment of how quickly floating ice is being lost.

According to Archimedes' principle, any floating object displaces its own weight of fluid. For example, an ice cube in a glass of water does not cause the glass to overflow as it melts.

But because sea water is warmer and more salty than floating ice, changes in the amount of this ice are having an effect on global sea levels.

The loss of floating ice is equivalent to 1.5 million Titanic-sized icebergs each year. However, the study shows that spread across the global oceans, recent losses of floating ice amount to a sea level rise of just 49 micrometers per year - about a hair's breadth.

Andrew Shepherd, professor at the University of Leeds, who led the study, said it would be unwise to discount this signal.

"Over recent decades there have been dramatic reductions in the quantity of earth's floating ice, including collapses of Antarctic ice shelves and the retreat of Arctic sea ice," Shepherd said.

"These changes have had major impacts on regional climate and, because oceans are expected to warm considerably over the course of the 21st century, the melting of floating ice should be considered in future assessments of sea level rise," he added.

Shepherd and his team used a combination of satellite observations and a computer model to make their assessment.

They looked at changes in the area and thickness of sea ice and ice shelves, and found that the overall signal amounts to a 742 cubic kilometres per year reduction in the volume of floating ice.

Because of differences in the density and temperature of ice and sea water, the net effect is to increase sea level by 2.6% of this volume, equivalent to 49 micrometers per year spread across the global oceans, a Leeds release said.

The greatest losses were due to the rapid retreat of Arctic Sea ice and to the collapse and thinning of ice shelves at the Antarctic Peninsula and in the Amundsen Sea.

The findings were published this week in Geophysical Research Letters.